关于夏商周文明形成时期农业经济特点的一些思考

On the Distinctive Features of Agricultural Economy during the Formation of Xia Shang Zhou Civilization

黄河流域地区是粟和黍的起源地, 也是夏商周文明的诞生地, 由此导致了夏商周文明的农业基础应该是以粟和黍为主要粮食作物的传统认识, 但事实是否如此是一个值得认真讨论的问题。结合甲骨文的记载, 并通过对该地区自然生态环境背景、农作物的生长习性以及现有的考古资料的综合分析, 本文认为, 黄河流域地区农业经济的发展在夏商周时期出现了新的变化, 粟和黍的主导地位开始受到冲击, 麦类作物已经传入, 稻谷在夏商周文明形成过程中发挥了重要的作用。

Yellow River area is the place where not only foxtail millet and broomcorn millet were domesticated but also the Xia-Shang-Zhou Civilization was originated,that leads to a belief of that the millets were the major crops in the agricultural base of this civilization Whether it is true or not is still an issue,however Based on a synthetic analysis of environmental conditions,the characteristics of the crops,available archaeological data,as well as the inscriptions of oracle-bones,this article argues that the agricultural system in this area showed some changes during the period of Xia-Shang-Zhou,such as the dominated position of the millets was challenged by other crops,wheat and barley were already introduced in the area,and rice played an important role for the origin of the civilization.