植物分枝发育的遗传控制

Genetic Control of Plant Shoot Branching

植物分枝发育在植物形态建成中具有十分重要的地位,在受遗传决定的同时,也受环境的影响。近来植物分枝发育的研究取得了很大的进展,对分枝的发育控制进行了生理生化及功能基因组学和比较基因组学等方面的研究。在豌豆、拟南芥、矮牵牛、水稻、番茄和玉米中获得到很多与分枝发育相关的突变体,如与腋生分生组织的形成有关的revoluta(rev)、pinhead、monoculm1(moc1)、lateralsuppressor(ls)、blind/torosa等突变体;与腋生分生组织的生长有关的moreaxillarygrowth(max)、ramosus(rms)、decreasedapicaldominance(dad)等突变体;与腋生分生组织的形成和生长都有关的、supershoot/bushy(sps/bus)、teosintebranched1(tb1)等突变体。研究初步表明,分生组织的发育形成是通过激素和转录因子的调控网络相互作用而得到控制,并表明在不同的物种中分枝的发育控制既具有一定的保守性,又具有一定的特异性。

Shoot branching is one of the most important components of plant architecture, which are mostly determined genetically, and are also partly affected by environmental factors. In recently studies, methodologies of physiology?biochemistry and comparative genomics are applied to shoot branching research. Mutants related to shoot branching are isolated in pea?Arabidopsis?petunia?rice?tomato and maize, such as revoluta (rev)?pinhead?monoculm1(moc1)?lateral suppressor (ls)?blind/torosa related to axillary meristem initiation; more axillary growth (max)?ramosus (rms)?decreased apical dominance (dad) associated with axillary meristem outgrowth; supershoot/bushy (sps/bus)?Teosinte branched1 (Tb1) contacted with axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth. These results showed that axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth was controlled through interaction of hormonal and transcription factor regulatory networks, there were conserved mechanisms for control of shoot branching among different species, but different species had their speciality.