西沙群岛重要岛礁鱼类资源调查

Survey of Coral Reef Fish Resources of the Xisha Islands

为摸清岛礁海域鱼类资源种类及分布 ,合理安排渔船生产 ,2 0 0 3年 5月采用延绳钓和底层刺网在西沙群岛的浪花礁、东岛、永兴岛、华光礁、金银岛、玉琢礁和北礁等 7座珊瑚礁水域进行了 1个航次的鱼类资源调查。 2种作业投入的捕捞努力量分别为延绳钓 3 740钓、底层刺网 14 480m ,单次作业努力量延绳钓 80～ 3 2 0钓、底层刺网 12 0～ 80 0m。捕获鱼类 177种 ,渔获量 3 70 0尾 2 767.0 0kg ,其中延绳钓 3 3种计 77尾 1711.5 5kg ,底层刺网共 15 3种计 3 62 3尾 10 5 5 .45kg。按岛礁平均 ,渔获率和单位捕捞努力量渔获量 (CPUE)延绳钓为 2 .0 6尾·(10 0钓 ) -1、45 .76kg·(10 0钓 ) -1,底层刺网为 2 5 0 .2 1尾·(1km) -1、72 .89kg·(1km ) -1。捕获的主要经济种类有鲨鱼、裸胸鳝、石斑鱼、笛鲷、裸颊鲷、鹦嘴鱼和绯鲤等。北礁、金银岛和玉琢礁的鱼类资源比较丰富 ,开发潜力较高 ;浪花礁、东岛、华光礁和永兴岛次之 ,也有一定的生产价值。

Fish resources was surveyed in seven coral reef water areas in the Xisha Islands including Lanhua reef, Dong Island, Huaguang reef, Yongxing Island, Jinyin Island, Yuzhu reef and Bei reef by longlining and bottom gillnetting in May 2003. The total fishing efforts of the survey included longlining 3 740 hooks and bottom gillnetting 14 480m. Single fishing effort was longlining 80-120 hooks and bottom gillnetting 120-800m separately. 3 700 ind in 177 species were caught, and the total catch quantity was 2 767.00kg. 77 ind ^(1 711.55kg) in 33 species were caught by longlining and 153 species 3 623 ind (1 055.45kg) were caught by bottom gillnetting. The mean catch rate was 2.06 ind·(100hooks)^-1 by longlining and 250.21 ind·(1km)^-1 by bottom gillnetting per reef. The CPUEs were 45.76kg·(100hooks)^-1 by longlining and 72.89kg ·(1km)^-1 by bottom gillnetting per reef. The major commercial species included sharks, morays, groupers, snappers, pigface breams, parrotind, mullets, etc. Fish resources are extremely abundant in the water area of Bei reef, Jinyin Island and Yuzhu reef and the exploitation potential is high. Although the fish resources and exploitation potential are relatively lower in the water areas of Lanhua reef, Dong Island, Huaguang reef and Yongxin Island, they are of exploitation value to a certain extent.