陆地表层综合地域系统划分的探讨——以青藏高原为例

An integrated approach to classification of territorial systems:a case study of Tibetan Plateau

近年来地理学研究的突出特点是,愈益与区域可持续发展这个主题密切联系起来,强调综合性。其中的关键科学问题难点是自然因素与人文因素的结合。本文从综合区域系统划分的指标体系入手,在传统的地域系统划分原则的基础上,强调了自然与社会经济因素在区划中具有同等重要性的原则,并区分了不同空间层级两者的不同作用。等级单位采用五级制, 本研究以青藏高原为例,将其划分为3个生态带,15个地-人区,22个生态经济地区,29个经济小区。研究显示,刻画这样的陆地表层综合地域系统,有助于认识我国陆地表层中的人地关系,为区域可持续发展服务。

Recent geo-researches display two significant features. First, most research projects are centered on revealing the implications for regional sustainable development and ecological security; and second, these projects try to employ an integrated approach to taking both physical and socio-economic factors into consideration. Indeed, the implementation of sustainable development strategy demands a classification of territorial systems based on such an integrated approach. To be integrated, a key scientific issue is how to synthesize the physical and socio-economic factors in the process of classification. Based on a new indicator system, which involves mainly physical indicators at the macro level and socio-economic indicators at micro level while employing both at the middle level, this paper tries to develop a new integrated approach to the classification of territorial systems to reveal the features of human-nature relationship at various spatial levels. The new system of classification is a hierarchy consisting of five levels: class zero realm; class one ecological zone (and/or) sub-zone; class two land-human region; class three eco-economic division; and class four economic districts. The classification at the first three levels is a 'top-down' process; that at the fifth level is a 'bottom-up' process; and that at the fourth level is a matching process from both the top and the bottom. The paper further tests the new approach of classification via a case study of the Tibetan Plateau. By the approach, the Plateau is divided into 3 zones, 15 regions, 22 divisions and 29 districts. Such classification results have profound implications for regional sustainable development.