北京市旅游客流时空分布特征与调控对策

The variation tendency and proposed countermeasures for adjusting and controlling visitor flow in Beijing

在对北京市183个重要旅游景区进行了全面考查的基础上,分析北京市整体及中心城区、郊区客流时空变化特征,典型景区的客流变化规律与变化动因,以及客流在时间和空间分布上存在的不平衡现象和旅游产品的供给与需求之间错位问题。据此作者提出进入产品衰落期的旅游产品淘汰的必然性;进入发展停滞阶段的旅游产品的振兴和复苏计划;旅游需求与供给的空间整合;价格杠杆的效用性和城区资源整合等观点。

The tourism in Beijing is the core and representative of the tourism development in China. But now the imbalance in the spacial and temporal distribution of the visitor flow in Beijing is getting worse. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the spacial and temporal distribution of the visitor flow in Beijing quantitatively, and take some action to alleviate this complexion. An on-site survey of Beijing's 12 typical scenic spots of different types, including Badaling Great Wall and the Imperial Palace etc, was carried out from May 2001 to May 2002. The real visitor flow condition was ascertained on the basis of the statistics of the on-site survey of these scenic spots to investigate the distribution of visitor flow in these scenic spots. Then an overall investigation of 183 important scenic spots was made, including monthly vistor reception, annual vistor reception and other static space configuration data. This paper analyzes the overall trend as well as the distributing character of visitor flow in scenic spots of city centre, suburbs and outskirts. We concluded that the spacial and temporal distribution of the visitor flow in Beijing is obviously imbalance; and to a certain extent, the supply of the tourism products can't meet the demand of the tourist market. Four maojor conclusions are: Firstly, the visitor flow mainly concentrates in the city proper and the mountainous area of northern Beijing, and the number of the visitors in the suburbs increases faster than that in the city proper. Secondely, the centralization of tourism time is intensified with the appearance of 'the tourism golden week', which added the burthen to the senic spots during the midseason, especially caused the problem of the serious hotspot overcapacity. Thirdly, both amount of the senic spots and the competition are increasing, which is responsible for the decreasing of the vistor reception amount of some theme senic spots and traditional senic spots in the suburbs. At the same time, museums and a large amout of resembled new spots are facing a problem of the visitor shortage. Finally, the overall adjusting and controlling countermeasure for development direction, the spatial pattern of Beijing's tourist products, including improving the creativity of tourism product, attaching importance to the dragon-head effect and the centralization effect of the new product, leading the leisure tourism demand of the citizen to the suburbs, is presented. Besides, the adjusting and controlling countermeasures of visitor flow in scenic spots of the city proper, suburbs and outskirts is also proposed.