1494例小儿烧伤创面特点的临床分析

Clinical Analysis on Characteristics of 1494 Cases of Pediatric Burn Wounds

目的探讨影响小儿烧伤创面大小和深度的因素。方法通过对1494例0～14岁急诊小儿烧伤住院患者病史资料的分析,探讨不同性别、年龄、烧伤原因和不同年代或人口组成对小儿烧伤创面的影响。结果患儿平均烧伤面积为(11.842±9.897)%TBSA,Ⅲ度烧伤面积为(1.236±3.87)%TBSA,性别间无统计学差异(P>0.05),并随着年代越近平均烧伤面积和Ⅲ度烧伤面积逐渐减小。烧伤创面主要分布在头面颈、躯前侧;热液是主要烧伤原因,非热液的Ⅲ度烧伤面积显著较大;居家是发生烧伤主要场所,而公共场所Ⅲ度烧伤面积显著较大(P<0.01);4～6岁组患儿平均烧伤面积显著较大(P<0.01),7～14岁组Ⅲ度烧伤面积最大(P<0.01);本市和外来患儿烧伤总面积和Ⅲ度烧伤面积无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论患者年龄、烧伤原因、烧伤场所是影响烧伤面积大小的重要因素。

Objective To explore the factors influencing the severity of burns in children. Methods Cases enrolled in this study were the pediatric burn patients aged 0-14 years. We observed influential factors of the severity of pediatric burns such as gender, age, burn cause and the patients' social background. Results 1494 hospitalized patients were retrospectively studied and analyzed. The average burn surface area was (11.842 ±9.897)% and the average Ⅲ degree burn was (1. 236 ±3.87)%. There was no significant difference between the male and the female for the total burn surface area and the Ⅲ degree burn surface area. The most common burn sites were the head, neck and anterior trunk. The main cause of burn was scalding (hot liquids) , there was significant difference in the Ⅲ degree burn surface area between scalding and non-scalding patients. Most children were burned at home, while those inflicted in the public places always had a larger Ⅲ degree burn surface area. The group aged at 4-6 years suffered from the largest total burn surface area and the group aged at 7-14 years had the largest Ⅲ degree burn surface are-a. There was no difference in these criteria between local kids and emigrate kids. Conclusion The key factors such as age, cause of burn and burn locality influence the severity ( extensiveness and degree) of burns in children.