区域土地利用与产业结构变化互动关系研究

Interactive Relationship between Land Use Change and Industrial Change

区域土地利用变化与产业之间存在内在的联系,为了分析它们之间的内在规律,该文选择北京的海淀区、平谷区和河北省的曲周县作为研究样区,采用对比分析的方法,探讨不同经济发展阶段下典型区域土地利用变化与产业之间的互动关系。研究结果表明,在以第一产业增长为主的区域经济发展阶段,土地利用变化的驱动机制主要是农用地与环境用地间的竞争,表现为农用地比重增加,城市建设用地稳定,环境用地不断减少;在第一产业比重降低,第二、三产业比重上升阶段,土地利用变化的驱动机制是农用地内部之间以及建设用地对其它用地类型的竞争,表现为农用地内部耕地面积减少,园地面积增加,建设用地也在不断增加;而在以二、三产业增长为主的经济阶段,土地利用变化的主要驱动机制则主要表现在建设用地与环境用地之间相互竞争农用地,表现为建设用地面积增加,环境用地面积增加,而农用地面积快速下降。

China has been in the process of transition from traditional agricultural economy to an industrial economy, therefore, the industrial structure has changed greatly. In the developed area of the country, large amount of arable–land has been converted into built-up land, and such industrial structural change leads to significant land use change. But in the developing area, the industrial structure develops so slowly that land use change is not significant. Land use change has interactive relationship with different industrial structure. We have chosen the Quzhou county of Hebeiprovince, and Pinggu and Haidian districts of Beijing as study areas to discuss such relations based on land use data and different industrial structure at different economic phases,. The data is from Statistics Bureau and the Land Administration Bureau. In this paper, industrial structure trend and the relationship between industrial structure and land use types are explored. The results show that in the first phase when the primary industry was in the leading position, agricultural land was dominating the area such as in Quzhou, and the proportion of primary industry remained below 20 percent from 1989 to 2000, and the share of agricultural land was 75.7 percent in 1986 and 75.5 percent in 1999. The main contradiction is between agricultural land and environmental land. In the second phase, the proportion of the secondary and the tertiary industries moved to the top and the primary industry proportion decreases, such as those in Pinggu, the primary industry decreased from 33 percent in 1980 to 22 percent in 2000, and a 38.7 percent decrease was observed from 1992 to 2002. It is found that the rate of agricultural land decrease and the built-up land increase, and economic crops increase. In the third phase, the primary industry proportion keeps the low level, and the tertiary industry proportion jumped to the first, such as in Haidian, the first industry rate decreased from 12 percent in 1989 to less than one percent in 2000, and the agricultural land and horticulture land decreased 30.85 percent and 10.74 percent from 1996 to 2000 respectively. The contradiction of land use shows that the built-up land and the environmental land use increase rapidly, while agricultural land decrease very fast.