黑龙江省20世纪末期土地利用变化特征与空间格局分析

Characteristics and Spatial Patterns of Land Use Change During 1986～2000 Based on RS & GIS in Heilongjiang Province, China

土地利用变化是全球环境变化的重要方面,是人类活动影响自然环境程度的重要反映。在遥感和GIS技术的支持下,本文分析了黑龙江省1986年～2000年的土地利用变化特征和变化的空间格局。研究表明,在1986年～2000年期间,林地、草地和沼泽地面积显著下降,耕地面积急剧增加,并且不同的土地利用类型变化在空间上表现出不同的空间格局。在此期间,黑龙江省土地利用发生了显著的变化,人地关系矛盾突出。林地、草地和沼泽地锐减和退化,保护林地、草地和沼泽形势严峻。

Land use and land cover change is one of the most important components and major causes to global environmental changes, which also reflects the environmental impacts from human activities. Two periods (1986, 2000) data of land use are extracted from Landsat TM images through human-computer interactive interpretation in Heilongjiang Province of China. Applying spatial analysis function of GIS technology and statistical methods, the paper analyzes characteristics and spatial pattern of land use change during the 1986～2000 period based on RS & GIS in Heilongjiang Province. The paper reveals a sharp decrease of the areas of woodland, grassland and swampland, and a significant increase of farmland. The change of different type of land use has different spatial pattern. The paper also analyses three important conversions between land use types. The woodland, grassland and swampland are mainly converted into farmland. Synchronously, many closed forests are converted into open forests, scrub forest and other forests in the woodland. Woodland inverted into farmland is mainly distributed in central parts of Nenjiang watershed, the northeast parts of the Xiaoxingan Mountains, the central parts of the Zhangguangcai Mountains and the Laoye Mountains. Grassland inverted into farmland is mainly distributed in the Sanjian Plain, the Songnen Plain and the Xingkei Plain. Swampland inverted into farmland is mainly distributed in the Sanjian Plain. In this time, the notable change had occurred in Heilongjiang province. Woodland, grassland and swampland are sharply reducing, so protection of woodland, grassland and swampland is an urgent task.Several suggestions are made in order to relieve contradiction of the human-earth and be propitious to sustainable development: the government would have to build effective monitoring system, especially in the interaction areas between farming and forestry, and farming and animal husbandry; the government should guide reasonably animal husbandry development; effectively protect woodland and swampland, and adjust agricultural structure. The land management method will be improved, and the production benefit will be raised.