正常与先天性重度聋婴幼儿言语前期言语发育的比较研究

Comparison of vocalization development between normal and congenitally hearing impaired infants during pre-language period

目的比较正常婴幼儿与先天性重度聋婴幼儿言语前期言语发育的特征及其与言语发育相关的认知发育特征。方法将28例确诊先天性重度聋婴幼儿分为聋A组(11例,8个月以前开始助听)和聋B组(17例,8个月以后开始助听),以18名正常婴幼儿作为对照。通过录音录像的方法对其发声进行声谱分析,并对3组的过渡喃语、标准喃语、手指发声和有意语的出现频率和出现时期进行统计分析。结果过渡喃语的出现频率和出现时期3组间差异无统计学意义;标准喃语、手指发声和有意语的出现频率和出现月龄,正常组明显优于聋A组和聋B组,而聋A组又明显优于聋B组。结论过渡喃语是不受听觉反馈作用的一种发声活动;聋婴幼儿出生后的8个月以内接受早期干预,可获得较好的言语发育。

Objective To compare the characteristics of vocalization and relevant perceptual characteristics between normal hearing infants and congenitally hearing impaired infants during pre-language period. Methods Speech spectrograms were analyzed, and the presentation time and frequency of pre-canonical babbling, canonical babbling, pointing behaviors and meaningful words were compared and statistically analyzed among 18 normal hearing infants, 11 profoundly congenitally hearing impaired infants that were divided into 2 groups: group A of deaf infants (n=11) to be aided before 8 months of age and group B of deaf infant (n=17) to be aided after 8 months of age. Results There was no significant difference in the presentation time and frequency of pre-canonical babbling among the 3 groups. Canonical babbling, pointing behaviors and meaningful words occurred the earliest and with the highest frequency in the normal hearing group, followed by the group A of deaf infants and group B of deaf infants in succession. Conclusion Pre-canonical babbling appears in profoundly hearing impaired infants, suggesting that it is a kind of phonation activity free of hearing feedback. Better language development can be achieved when early intervention is carried out for congenitally hearing impaired infants within 8 months of age.