数字城市和防震减灾信息管理系统

DIGITAL CITY AND THE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR EARTHQUAKE DISASTER REDUCTION

防震减灾信息管理系统的主要目的是对城市面临的地震及其次生灾害进行分类、评价和减灾效果研究。数字城市从全局性的角度集成城市各个方面的要素,是对城市整体的统一数字化认识。防震减灾信息管理系统的建设是数字城市的一个重要组成部分。数字城市建设的基础是空间数据的应用。基础数据的有效更新成为防震减灾信息系统存亡的关键。数字城市目前是以电子政务作为主流发展方向,防震减灾辅助决策优化和实用化并与电子政务的结合为新一代防震减灾信息系统建设提出了新目标。防震减灾信息系统与数字城市的有力结合,可以提高地震应急反应能力,有效减轻地震灾害的损失。这种结合的困难和问题表现在:数据标准化、数据的可用度、合适的支撑系统和与电子政务的结合等方面。

The main purposes of the information management system for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction are to study the classification and evaluation of the earthquake and its secondary disasters faced by the city, as well as to assess the effectiveness of disaster reduction measure. The system embraces various models, such as the fatalness caused by the earthquake, sources of secondary disaster, disaster regionalization, vulnerability of the calamity-bearing body, evaluation of economic loss and casualties, emergency countermeasure and material requirement etc. Moreover, it also involves the other aspects, such as the fatalities caused by other urban disasters and the reciprocity between the disasters and social economics or personnel distribution. In case of earthquake, this system will become the assistant decision-making system for the city calamity emergency measure. The well-running information system will also play an important role in the reduction of earthquake hazards. Digital city integrates as a whole the elements from every aspect, embodying the digital recognition of the whole city. It has various features, including real-time or close to real-time, dynamic, spatial, digital, network, intellectual and visual features. Its functions in the city construction management and information services etc. have been widely realized by more and more people. The construction of the information management system of earthquake prevention and disasters reduction is the important part of the digital city. The construction of the digital city is based largely on the application of the spatial data. Therefore, the effective update of the spatial data has become the key to the surviving and flourishing of the information system of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. At present, electric government affair is the main developing direction for the digital city. It puts forward a new target for the construction of the modern disaster reduction system, which is based on the optimization and utilization of the assistant decision-making system and its combination with the electric government affairs. The progress of the system will depend greatly on the development of the digital city. The close integration of the system with the digital city will extend the earthquake disaster reduction function of the government, enhance the emergency reaction capability and reduce effectively the loss caused by earthquake disaster. In practice, however, we have found that there are still many difficulties and questions in this kind of integration, such as the standardization and usability of the data, suitability of the supporting system and the combination with the electric government affair. Further studies on these questions may open up a new departure in earthquake sociology and the theory and practice of the emergency decision of the city.