秸秆还田的生化他感效应研究初报

Allelopathic Effect of Straw Returning

盆栽试验结果表明 :蚕豆秸秆对小麦和大豆幼苗生长都有明显的他感相克作用 ,使其生物量分别减少 5 0 .4%和 5 8.2 % ;大豆秸秆对小麦幼苗生长有他感相克作用 ,而对大豆幼苗生长有自感相生作用 ,使其生物产量增加 1 9.8% ;玉米秸秆对小麦幼苗的相克作用最强 ,生物产量减产 60 .8% ,但对大豆幼苗生长的他感和玉米幼苗的自感相生作用显著 ,生物产量依次增加 1 8.7%和 1 0 .3% ;小麦秸秆对小麦、玉米和大豆幼苗生长都有相克作用 ,使其生物量分别减少 5 0 .8%、5 .1 %和 2 4.9%。秸秆对作物的他感效应 ,随着时间的推移而减弱。施用蚕豆秸秆 ,既能增大土壤养分贮量 ,又能提高土壤养分供应水平 ,玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆培肥土壤的作用居中 ,施用大豆秸秆虽能增大土壤养分贮量和供氮水平 ,但提高幅度不大。

The pot experimental results showed that horsebean stalk had distinct minus-allelopathic effect on the seedling growth of wheat and soybean, it decreased the biological yields for 50.4% and 58.2% apart. Soybean straw had minus-allelopathic effect on the seedling growth of wheat and plus-allelopathic effect on soybean, it decreased the biological yield for 19.8%.The minus-allelopathic effect maize straw to wheat of was the most, it decreased the biological yield for 60.8%.But it had salience plus-allelopathic effect to soybean and maize, their biological yields increased for 18.7% and 10.3% apart. Wheat straw had minus-allelopathic effect on the seedling growth of wheat, maize and soybean all, it decreased the biological yields for 50.8%, 5.1%and 24.9%. Allelopathic effect of straw were weakened along with time processing. Applied straw of horsebean can increase not only the storage capacity, but also improve the providing level of soil nutrient. The cultivating soil effect of maize and wheat straw were in the middle. Though applied straw of soybean can increase the storage capacity of soil nutrient and nitrogen level, but the amplitude were not wide. Planting crops can evidently accelerate the effect of cultivating soil of straw and fertility providing.