美、俄两国核电与铀工业的现状及走向

Situation and development trend of nuclear power and uranium industry in the United States and Russia

介绍了美国和俄罗斯的核电、铀生产现状及未来走向。美国与俄罗斯是世界上最早拥有核 电的国家。历经40多年的发展,美国的核发电量占全美总发电量的20％,俄罗斯则为11％(2001 年)。美国核电用铀的6％出自本土;而俄罗斯的铀产量的近一半用来出口。美国的未来核电用铀在 很大程度上将依从于国际市场和各级、各类铀的库存;在安民兴国的氛围中,俄罗斯依托其殷实的铀 资源,确立了核发电宏图。可以认为,尽管美国与俄罗斯两国核电、铀工业的走向会对世界铀矿地质 勘查和铀生产产生重要的影响,但全球铀工业在近10 a里仍将呈现供、需基本平衡的态势。

This paper introduces the situation, trend of nuclear electrical and uranium industry in the United States and Russia. The United States and Russia are the two biggest countries in the world which generated nuclear power earliest. After 40 years' development, nuclear power in the United States and Russia are approximately 20 % , 11 % respectively of the total generation capacity in 2001. In the United States, only 6 % of the nuclear power consumed uranium resource is domestic, in Russia about half of its uranium production is for export. Due to the collision between the energy development and environment protection, nuclear power in USA is still strong, but the uranium industry declines. In the future, uranium production for nuclear power in the United States will depend on the international market and the uranium storage of different levels. On the basis of pacifying people and making the country prosper, Russia has established their great plans for nuclear power with their substantial uranium resources. The author considers the supply and demand of uranium industry will remain balanced in the future decade on the whole, despite the United States and Russia' s trend of uranium industry could take a major effect on uraium industry to the world.