转基因作物的安全性评价策略、现状及发展

Strategies for safety assessment of genetically modified crops: current and future development

基因重组技术赋予农业生产以巨大的活力 ,但转基因作物的安全性问题却不容忽视。有关国际组织及政府已达成共识 :在“实质等同性”原则的基础上 ,应对转基因作物进行详尽周密的安全性评价工作。有关策略包括实质等同性分析、毒性实验、致敏性研究、营养学评价等 ,随着新技术的发展 ,基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等新技术也将用于对非目标效应的监测 ,欧盟已在酝酿上市后监测的一些措施。总之 ,转基因作物的安全性评价策略是十分严格的 ,且还在逐步完善。

Gene recombinant technologies supply agriculture product with great vi tality. But the risk of genetically modified crops cannot be ignored. The intern ational organizations such as WHO, FAO and OECD have reached common agreement: t he safety of transgenic crops should be thoroughly evaluated based on “substant ial equivalence”principle. The relevant strategies including: substantial equiv alent analysis, toxic tests, protein allergenic study, nutritional assessment, e tc. With the development of new technologies, the approaches of genomic, proteom ics, metabomics would be applied to detect the unintended effects. The EU recent ly adopted legislation on the cultivation GM crops requiring the post market sur veillance for any unanticipated adverse effects in the long term. In conclusion, the strategies of the safety assessment of GM crop are very strict and likely d evelopment.