从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡——南海深水扇系统的研究

From Shallow-water Shelf to Deep-water Slope——thestudy on deep-water fan systems in South China Sea

南海深水扇系统是近年来在南海海域的重大发现,证实自 30Ma以来深水扇系统密集地分布在我国的近海海域内,并以其宏大的规模、典型的结构及巨大的勘探前景引起国内外的关注。深入展开深水扇系统的研究将是我国油气界与科学界的重大任务。 近 20年来,深水扇系统已成为国际石油产量与储量增长的主体,已经有 60多个国家进行深水扇研究,并在国际学术界获得高度重视。据认为:“深水浊流及其有关储层在今后至少 25年内将成为油气勘探开发研究的前缘”。 南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统发育区域的地质条件与国际上已有重大油气发现的深水扇系统发育区有许多重要的相似。古珠江大河充足的物源供应,长期沉降的深水凹陷与海平面周期性下降是纵向上呈良好叠置状态的深水扇系统发育的要素;而立足于精度较好,保真程度较高的高分辨地震剖面是识别层序界面,识别低水位体系域,辨识陆架坡折带的技术关键,这就使研究领域从浅水陆架进入到深水陆坡。 应当给深水扇系统赋予科学的定义;然而国际学术界对深水扇系统的沉积物性质、类型及预测方法技术存在争议。但是,毫无疑义的是,深水扇系统具有可识别性,它对油气的运移、聚集、隐蔽圈闭的形成以及指导油气勘探有着重要的意义。

Oil and gas are strategic resources. China became oil input country since 1993. In order to ensure the energy security, one of the best energy policiesis to find out several giant oil-gas fields in the coastal ocean regions and to establish new petroleum strategic base. The deep-water fan system in SouthChina Sea could become the break through area. The deep-water fan systems play a dominantrole for the international oil production and reserve increasing in the last 20 years, more than 60 countries doing well for the research of deep-water fan system. This subjectattracts the international academic attention and considered as “one of the principal scientific technical and environmental challenges for the new century”and “deep-water turbidite and related reservoirs will be at the forefront of oil and gas exploration and production for at least the next 25 years.” (D.A.V. Stow, et al. 2000). Deep-water fan system which being discoveredrecently with the characteristics in South China Sea of huge scale, densely distribution, typical architectureand great exploration future. The deepstudy for the deep-water fan systems isbecomingthe major subject for oil and gas industry and scientificacademy. This article givesa definition for deep-water fan system, and pointsout the discovery of large-scale deep-water fan systems in the South China Sea has significant economic potentials and academic values.