鞍侧腔的胚胎发育及其临床意义

Development of the lateral sellar compartment and its clinical significance

目的:研究鞍侧腔形态结构及其内容物的胚胎发育。方法:对45例不同胚(胎)龄时期的鞍旁结构行组织学连续切片,观察鞍侧腔壁结构及其内容物的形态学变化过程。结果:鞍侧腔的发育可分为3个时期:(1)胚龄6～10周时,形成此区的最初边界;(2)胎龄11～16周时,显示鞍侧腔的构建过程,其腔壁约在胚胎14～16周形成。此期鞍侧腔外侧壁外层由脑膜层组成,内层由基质纤维包绕Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ和Ⅴ1神经复合体组成;而其内侧壁主要由垂体囊和基质纤维构成;(3)胎龄17周至出生后鞍侧腔诸壁及其内容物充分发育。结论:(1)鞍侧腔位于蝶鞍外侧区骨膜-硬膜间隙内,由脑神经、颈内动脉、丛状静脉管(海绵窦)及胶原纤维组成。(2)这些静脉管仅有内皮、纤维细胞和结缔组织构成。

Objective: To study the embryological development and structures of the lateral sellar compartment(LSC). Methods: Serial histological sections of 45 human embryos and fetus were performed to observe the development and organization of the contents of the compartment. Results: The development of the lateral sellar compartment can be divided into three periods: the first period of organogenesis of the LSC, showing the initial boundaries of the compartment from the sixth week to the tenth week; the second period of constitution of the wall of the compartment during third month and the beginning of the fourth; the third period of the mature of the LSC from the fourth month to the end of fetal stage. The later wall of the LSC had two components like that seen in the adult during the late stage of the second period. The superficial layer of the lateral wall of the LSC formed by dense organization of meningeal cells and the deep layer by mesenchymal cells around the cranial nerves while the medial wall was constituted by the pituitary gland capsule and the mesenchymal fibres. Conclusions: The lateral sellar compartment locate in the periosto-dural space of the parasella area, containing the carvernous sinus, cranial nerves and internal carotid artery. The so-called carvernous sinus is composed of the complex venous plexus, which wall is formed by the endothelium, mesenchyme cell and connective tissue.