木粉尘职业接触极限值的研究

Study on the Occupational Exposure Limit of Wood Dust

木头作为原材料得到广泛应用 ,但硬木粉尘 (如橡木和山毛榉粉尘 )可导致人患鼻癌。不同国家的木粉尘的职业接触极限值 (或极限值 )却不尽相同。虽然关于木粉尘的极限值的国际讨论持续已久 ,但仍缺乏更好支持其极限值推导的健康相关数据。为保护木材加工工人的身体健康以及给木粉尘的职业接触极限值的制定机构提供可靠数据和科学决策方面的建议 ,笔者针对怎样为木粉尘 ,特别是致癌木粉尘制定一个合理极限值的问题 ,在“比较”和“设定”两方面对国际范围内的木粉尘的极限值进行了研究 ,其结果表明 ,大部分国家给予软木粉尘和硬木粉尘的极限值分别为 5mg/m3 和 1mg/m3 ;提出利用剂量 -影响 -关系和“线性多阶段”方法也可以给致癌硬木粉尘建立一个健康基础极限值或者一个可接受极限值 ,其极限值应该不仅根据木材类型而且还需根据工作岗位而分别综合设定。

Wood is used widely as raw material, but hard wood dust (e.g. oak and beech) can lead to nose cancer. The occupational exposure limits (OELs) of wood dust in different countries are however not the same. Although there are controversies about the OEL of wood dust, it lacks still enough relevant health data to support. In order to protect the health of woodworkers and provide reliable recommended criteria to authoritative organization for establishing OEL, an international cooperative study on OEL of wood dust was carried out at two aspects of “comparison” and “establishment”, aiming at how to set up a rational OEL for wood dust especially for carcinogenic wood dust. The result is that the OELs of soft wood dust and hard wood dust of most countries are 5 mg/m and 1 mg/m respectively, a health based OEL or an acceptable OEL could be established for carcinogenic wood dust with the dose-response data and “the linear multistage” (LMS) method. The OEL of wood dust should be individually set up not only according to the types of wood but also according to the characters of workplaces.