18世纪汉学书院与科举关系新论

On the Relationship Between the Study of Chinese Classics and the Imperial Examinations System in the 18th Century

18世纪中叶出现的乾嘉学派以书院作为汉学研究和传播的基地。由于汉学家执掌的书院与直接为科举考试服务的考课式书院有显著的差异,造成了汉学书院不为培养科举人才服务的假象。其实,汉学家主持的书院不仅在山长的延聘上注重科甲出身,而且其教学活动也不排斥科举之学,能满足生徒获取科场应试知识的需求。因此,汉学书院与科举的关系十分密切。

With the Qianlong (1736-1799) and Jiaqing(1796-1819) School of Thoughts becoming prevalent the Chinese classics were studied and taught in academies. Because of the differences between those academies and the imperial examination oriented schools, some people figured that scholars of Qianlong and Jiaqing School were against imperial examination system. In fact, they not only attached importance to the grades resulted from the imperial examination in appointing the leading scholars, but also advocated stereotyped writing to meet the need of imperial examination. There is a close relation between this School and the imperial examination system.