试论伊拉克什叶派乌里玛的政治作用

On Its Political Role of Iraqi Shi'ite Ulama

什叶派独特的乌里玛等级制度和效仿制度是乌里玛发挥政治作用的有利条件。自1921年伊拉克建国,什叶派乌里玛经历了从短暂的政治干预,到长期的沉默无为,再到走向与政府对抗的变化过程。总体而言,随着国家权力的逐渐强大,什叶派乌里玛的政治作用和社会影响力呈缩小趋势。伊拉克战争后,什叶派乌里玛成为国内政治舞台上的重要力量。但是,从长远看,他们的政治作用将受到限制。将来,奉行政治行动主义的乌里玛只能通过正常的政治途径分享国家权力,而其他则将逐步退回疏远政治的传统。

The unique Shi'ite Ulama hierarchy and emulation institution provide favourable circumstances for Ulama to play its political role. Since the establishment of Iraq in 1921, Shi'ite Ulama has undergone a historic course, from its temporary political intervention to a long-term estrangement from politics and even again to its confrontation with the government.On the whole,with the state gaining more power, Shi'ite Ulama's political role and social influence tended to reduce. After the outbreak of the Iraq war, Shi'ite Ulama played a more important role on the internal political stage. However, its political role would be restricted in the long run.The activist Ulama can only share the state power in a normal way while the others will retreat to the tradition of estrangement from politics in the future.