儿童慢性肾功能不全发生率和病因调查分析

Study on the prevalence and causes of chronic renal insufficiency in children

目的 :儿童慢性肾功能不全 (CRI)严重影响儿童健康 ,其病因及发病情况国内尚缺乏大样本调查分析报道。方法 :本文对一大型医院儿科最近 13年 (1990～ 2 0 0 2 )住院≤ 16岁的儿童中该病的发生率及病因进行了调查。结果 :1990年 1月1日起至 2 0 0 2年 12月 3 1日止住院患儿共计 3 8852例 ,诊断为儿童 CRI 82例 ,在儿童住院病人中各年发生率在 0 .4‰～ 3 .8‰之间 ,总发生率为 2 .11‰ ,有逐年升高趋势。儿童 CRI同期占肾脏疾病住院中的比例在 0 .52 %～ 3 .91%之间 ,总的比例为 2 .0 4% ,同样有逐年升高趋势。结论 :儿童 CRI的病因以先天遗传性疾病和肾小球疾病为最多见 ,前者占 40 .2 % ,其中又肾髓质囊性病比例最高 (15例 ,18.3 % ) ,后者占 3 5.4% ,慢性肾炎最多 (11例 ,13 .4% ) ,随着年龄的增加 ,前者比例逐渐下降 ,而后者逐渐增加。上述结果提供儿童 CRI发生率及病因方面的资料 。

Childhood chronic renal insufficiency(CRI) seriously affects the health of child ren, and until now no reports is available about its prevalence and causes in bi g sample This study aimed to survey the prevalence and causes of child ho od CRI in pediatric department of a general hospital The results showed that 8 2 children with CRI were found among 38852 hospitalized cases below 16 years old from Jan 1 of 1990 to Dec 31 of 2002 The prevalence of childhood CRI in in- pati ents was 0 4‰~3 8‰ with mean level of 2 11‰ and trended to increase by 5- year -interval level comparison Moreover, the percentage of childhood CRI in hospiliz ed children with renal siseases was from 0 52% to 3 91% with mean level of 2 04% a nd also trended to increase by 5-year-interval level comparison The main ca uses of childhood CRI were congenital inherited kidney diseases and glomerulonephrit ides, the former accounted for 40 2% and among them medullary cystic disease wa s predominant(15 cases, 18 3%), the later accounted for 35 4% among them chroni c g lomerulonephritis was predominant (11 cases, 13 4%) The prevalence of congeni ta l inherited kidney diseases trended to decrease but glomerulonephrotides trended to increase with the increment of age The above data provided the prevalence a nd causes of childhood CRI and might be helpful in stipulating healthcare and pr evention and treatment measures for childhood CRI