广州市2000～2003年肾综合征出血热监测分析

Surveillance on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Guangzhou city from 2000 to 2003

目的 分析广州市 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年肾综合征出血热 (HFRS)的流行特点和趋势 ,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法 收集疫情资料 ,描述其流行病学特征。HFRS抗体与抗原检测采用免疫荧光分析、病毒分离及分子生物学检测。结果 广州市 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年共检出HFRS病人 2 4 7例 ,年发病率 0 5 9/ 10万～ 0 6 3/ 10万。病例多为青壮年男性民工、农民 ,主要分布于天河、海珠、番禺等地 ,春季为流行高峰。鼠间疫情监测显示鼠密度为 6 78% ,总带毒率 5 4 % (187/ 346 3) ,均为Ⅱ型 (家鼠型 )汉坦病毒。优势鼠为褐家鼠 ,带毒率 6 1% (181/ 2 94 6 )。带毒鼠在地区和时间上的分布与人间疫情分布大致相同。结论 广州HFRS疫情平稳 ,但流行因素仍广泛存在 ,应加强疫情监测。

Objective To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and trends of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Guangzhou city from 2000 to 2003 and provide scientific basis for formulating control measures.Methods Data on the incidence rate was collected from the whole city to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of HFRS.Immunofluorescence assay (IFA),viral culture and PCR were used to screen antibodies in HFRS patients' serums and antigens in rats' lung tissues respectively.Results 247 patients were seropositive from 2000 to 2003 (with an annual incidence rate of 0 59/100?000 -0 63/100?000) and most of them were young male peasants and workers.Much of the cases were from Tianhe,Haizhu and Panyu districts.Dominant peak was observed in spring.Surveillance on rats demonstrated 5 4% rats carried typeⅡ hantavirus (with a density of 6 78%) and the main host was sewer rat.The rats with virus had the same territorial and seasonal distribution as HFRS patients.Conclusion The incidence rate of HFRS in Guangzhou city from 2000-2003 showed a stable trend,but the risk factors still widely existed,so measures must be taken such as surveillance on patients and rats,reduction rats before dominant peak,inject main populations and so on in order to decrease the incidence of HFRS.