中国古代选举制度发展的基本趋向

The Basic Tendency of Selection System Development in Ancient China

选举制度即中国古代选拔人才制度。其发展经历了“察举制度——九品官人法——科举制度”三个阶段。选举制度由“察举”到“科举”的发展,呈现如下几个基本趋向:选举权力集权化和专制化;选举对象庶民化和自主化;选举标准及方法客观化、公平化和简易化;“选士”制度与“选官”制度的职能专门化;选举运作机制严密化。勾勒出选举制度演进的基本轨迹,对于深化选举制度的研究具有重要意义。

The paper discusses the evolution of the selection system in ancient China that aims to select persons with ability. It presents the three stages that the system has gone through over the years: Cha Ju System, Nine Grades and Imperial Examination System, as well as six basic features in relation to the development of the selection system, as indicated by the centralization and autocracy of the selection power, the popularization and autonomy of selection, the standardization of selection and the methods tending to be objective, impartial, simple and easy, the specialization of the system of intellectual and officials selection, the rigidity of the operational mechanism. The paper concludes that it is of great significance to trace the development of the selection system for further study.