离子液体在生物催化中的应用

Applications of ionic liquids in biocatalysis

近年来, 离子液体 (ILs) 以其独特的优势成为生物催化反应研究的热点, 尤其是作为生物催化反应的溶剂或共溶剂的研究更是备受关注. 许多酶能在 ILs或其形成的两相体系或单相体系中保持催化活性. 如目前研究最多的脂肪酶, 有多种能在 ILs中表现出活性稳定、反应选择性提高、产率提高等优良特性; 某些蛋白酶在ILs中稳定性提高, 具有酯酶的活性; β 半乳糖苷酶在 ILs中的催化产率提高; 全细胞在 ILs中的催化反应效果也较好; 但是也有某些酶, 如纤维素酶、某些过氧化物酶等在 ILs中活性会降低或丧失. 因此有关这一方面的研究还有待进一步深入.

Over the past years, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained increasing attention as solvent or co-solvent for performing biocatalytic reactions with sometimes remarkable results because of its special advantages. Enzymes of widely different types are catalytically active in ionic liquids or aqueous biphasic ionic liquid systems. Lipases have been mainly studied. Some of them maintain their activity in anhydrous ionic liquid media and the (enantio) selectivity, yield and operational stability are often better than that in traditional media. Some proteinase could catalyze transesterification in ILs and showed improved stability. The application of ILs to whole-cell systems and β-galactosidase is also successful, but the activity of cellulase and some peroxidase decreases or is lost. So further study is needed to improve enzyme activity.