北京市工业用水分析与对策

Analysis and Countermeasures on Industrial Water Use in Beijing

北京市水资源匮乏,为提高工业用水、节水的水平,该文根据北京市宏观经济发展的背景,分析北京市6个典型工业行业用水情况,对工业用水的历史和现状进行评价。结合工业用水存在的问题,提出提高北京市工业节水水平的5项建议与对策:实行工业用水定额管理;加强工业企业中生活用水节水;逐步实现企业用水管理的现代化;继续调整北京市的产业结构;加强企业用水管理,将节水工作落到实处。

As a metropolis with fast economic development and capital of China,Beijing has great quantity of industrial water use which is threatened by the regional water scarce.It is extremely necessary to take effective measures in the coming several years,especially in the coming five or ten years.In order to improve the level of industry water conservation,this paper analyzes the water use of six representative industries in Beijing under the background of macro-economic development.The concepts of industrial water consumption and industrial water quota management are presented and the characteristic of economic development in Beijing is discussed.The relationship between industrial fresh water consumption and production value is analyzed from 1985 to 1999.Effect of the industry structure,product structure,recycle rate and pricing policy on industrial fresh water consumption is analyzed and evaluated,too.And,problems in daily living water consumption and basic measurement system are presented,the great benefits of wastewater reuse to Beijing water saving process is described.Eventually,current problems embedded in the industrial water use are brought forward,relevant countermeasures are discussed in depth,too.Nowadays,Beijing should keep implementing water saving measures to make sustainable use of its available water resources while carrying scientific regulation and applying water transfer.So the paper proposes five effective measures to take in water saving process in future.First,industrial water use quota management must be put into practice.As the most important content of water demand management,quota management is the key measure to water conservation in Beijing.Secondly,water use management of daily life should be strengthened in variable industries because of the great quantity of life water use.Thirdly,daily water management is still on traditional office style without establishing the information system platform.Industry water modern management should be developed step by step to meet the needs of information society in the coming several years.Fourthly,industrial structure should be adjusted continuously.It is proved to be effective from the result of current water saving.Fifthly,industrial water use management should be reinforced strongly for the executing of water-conservation work in the future.Different management level makes different water saving effect.