早期基督教与汉晋道教的性伦理观比较

Comparison of sexual ethical outlooks between early Christianity and Taoism in the Han and Jin Dynasties

早期基督教与中国东汉魏晋时期的道教,二者在时代上非常接近,但二者的性伦理观却几乎相反。早期基督教的性伦理观是禁欲主义,其主要内容是性罪论、独身论、唯生殖目的论。东汉魏晋时期道教的性伦理观是非禁欲主义,其基本观点是性自然论、婚姻道德论、性养生与修炼论。世界从古代进入中世纪,性伦理的总体走向,是由非禁欲主义进入禁欲主义。早期基督教的性伦理观符合一般发展规律,属于主流文化,在社会上占统治地位;东汉魏晋道教的性伦理观可归于普遍规律之外的特殊现象,属于非主流文化,在社会上不占统治地位;这种显著的区别,使它们二者的性伦理观有着几乎相反的内容。

The early Christianity and the Taoism in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 - 200) and the Jin Dynasty (265 -420) in China were closely in epoch, but they were almost contrary to each other in sexual ethical outlooks. The sexual ethical outlook of early Christianity was asceticism, the main points of which were view of sex as sinful, view of celibacy as superior to marriage, and sex - for - reproduction legacy. In contrast, the sexual ethical outlook of Taoism in the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties was non - asceticism, the basic viewpoints of which were regarding sex as natural, regarding marriage as a virtue, and valuing sexual health preservation and sexual energy cultivation. When the world entered Middle Ages from ancient times, the general trend of sexual ethics stepped into non - asceticism from asceticism. However, the sexual ethical outlook of early Christianity conformed to general law of development, pertaining to main - stream culture and occupying dominant position in the society. In contrast, the sexual ethical outlook of Taoism in the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties is attributed to a special phenomenon out of universal law, pertaining to non - main - stream culture and not occupying dominant position in the society . These striking differences underlay the almost contrary substances in the sexual ethics of the two parties.