替代甲基溴的土壤消毒技术

Methyl bromide alternatives for the management of soil borne pests

甲基溴是一种高效、广谱的土壤熏蒸剂,由于显著消耗臭氧层,被世界各国禁用或限用,促使人们积极开发新的、高效土壤消毒技术来替代甲基溴的使用。本文从物理方法、农业栽培措施、生物防治和化学替代等四个方面综述了用于土壤消毒的甲基溴替代技术研究进展。由于甲基溴的独特作用,目前存在着缺少高效广谱替代技术、易受经济和自然条件限制以及土壤熏蒸剂生物降解增进等问题,作物有害生物防治将更依赖于综合治理。

Methyl bromide is an effective soil fumigant used extensively to control a broad-spectrum of pests that include nematodes, soilborne plant pathogenic fungi, soilborne insects, and weeds. However, methyl bromide was listed as a Class I ozone depleting substance and its use is restricted. Growers will need available alternatives to manage a wide range of pests. This article reviewed these potential alternatives including physical and tillage methods, biological control, chemical alternatives for methyl bromide. Finally, the deficiency, development and foreground of these alternatives were analyzed.