传、记辞章化:从中国叙事传统看唐人传奇的文体特征

Admixture of Ode & Biography: Romance in Tang Dynasty

传、记与辞章属于不同的文体类型,各有其约定俗成的写作惯例。汉魏六朝时,历史著作如范晔《后汉书》的传论,志怪小说如王嘉《拾遗记》等将辞章的艺术特质引入传、记,唐人则将这种创作倾向发展成一种划时代的风尚,创造出一种全新的文体———唐传奇。唐人传奇融传、记与辞章为一体,形成了若干新的写作惯例:从选材上看,唐人传奇对想象的世界和私人的感情生活倾注了浓厚的兴趣;就艺术表达而言,唐人传奇在传、记的叙事框架内穿插大量的景物描写,注重形式、辞藻、声调的经营,大量采用第一人称限知叙事和第三人称限知叙事。可以说,只有在融合了辞章的旨趣和表现手法后,传记才成为了传奇。

Biography is a different style from ode which has its own characteristic. From Han-Wei Dynasty, the style traits of ode was introduced into biography in some writings,which was developed into a new writing fashion by the writers in Tang dynasty who then turned it into a bran-new style, the Romance. The Romance in Tang dynasty created some new writing conventions. As far as the theme is concerned, Romance in Tang dynasty keeps great interest into the imaginative world and private feelings. As far as the artistic expression is concerned, Romance in Tang dynasty interludes the depiction of scenery into the recountal of biography, and pays attention into the artistic form, rhetorical strategy, and tune, and takes the point of view of restrictive narrative of first-person and third-person. We can sure that it is not until adopted the purport and writing techniques of ode that biography turned into the Romance in Tang dynasty.