“民族野心”:晚年陈独秀关于民族精神的一种新见解

“National Ambition”——Chen Du-xiu's new views on national spirit in his late years

陈独秀是中国现代史上最杰出的文化人物之一。他在抗日战争爆发后提出的“民族野心说”表现了他晚年文化观的再次新变。由于此说语言激切 ,在当年并不为社会各界所普遍认同 ;由于此说同时具有既对德意法西斯制度予以激烈否定 ,也对苏俄高度集权“政制”予以尖锐剖析和抨击的双重语境 ① ,它在建国以后数十年中也从不被人们所提及。随着时间的推移 ,当年如日中天的德、意和苏俄国家已经为历史所汰沥 ,而他的上述见解、尤其是他关于“民族精神”等的思考却以其超时代的深刻性和现实性 ,日益显出其作为一个思想先行者的慧观洞识。重新审视晚年陈独秀的有关见解 ,对于当今关于振兴民族精神的讨论 ,当不无裨益。

The“Theory on National Ambition”put forward by Chen Du-xiu after the breakout of Anti-Japanese war indicates his change in cultural views in his late years,which not only negates the German-Italian fascist system,but also fustigates the centralism of USSR(Union of Siviet Socialist Republics).Therefore,he has never been mentioned in the academic circle of mainland of China for decades.As time passes by,his views gradually show us his insight and realisticness,which is of unique value and of special meaning in China's modern history of ideology,and it is also a revelation to today's discussion on national spirit.