具广亲和性的水稻隐性高秆细胞突变体

A Recessive Tall Culm Somatic Mutant with Wide Compatibility in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

０２４２８ｈ系粳稻隐性高秆细胞突变体。来源于半矮秆广亲和种质０２４２８体细胞无性系变异。在１０３个Ｒ_２代株系中，有１株系在抽穗后分离出高、矮秆两种类型，高秆比矮秆高６１．４％，系因倒一和倒二节间伸长所致，以倒一节间伸长最为明显，占增长的６６．３％。在Ｒ_３、Ｒ_４代中矮秆类型继续分离出高秆和矮秆两种类型，分离比为３：１，高秆类型未见分离。显示所分离的高秆是供体亲本０２４２８的单基因突变。暂名为０２４２８ｈ。突变系０２４２８ｈ与供体亲本杂交，Ｆ_１的株高８８．８厘米，较０２４２８ｈ矮４２．２厘米，与０２４２８株高８７．６厘米近似；０２４２８ｈ与其它籼、粳品种杂交Ｆ_１的株高亦有类似结果。Ｆ_２的株高明显分离为两种类型，经ｘ￣２测验，矮秆与高秆的分离比符合３：１。说明０２４２８ｈ是受隐性单基因控制的高秆突变体。０２４２８ｈ与籼、粳稻品种杂交Ｆ_１的平均结实率分别为８０．６％和８３．１％，表明０２４２８ｈ仍保持着供体亲本的广亲和性。此外，本文对它的出现和在杂交稻育种中的利用进行了讨论。

h is a recessive tall culm somatic mutant with wide compatibility from somaclonal variation of japonica variety 02428 with wide compatible germplasm.It was observed that one of 103 R_2 plant lines emerged after heading two plant height types,tall and semidwarf, the tall plant 61.4%longer than that of semidwarf was due to the elongation of first and second internode in reverse order,specially,the elongation of uppermost internode made up 66.%of total elongation.The R_ 3 and R_4 height segregation derived from R_2 semidwarf plant line fit a 3 semidwarf :1 tall ratio, indicated that the long culm segregated was controlled by a single recessive gene,named as 02428h. The height of F_1 in 02428h crossed with 02428 was 88.8cm, 42.2cm shorter than that of 02428h and almost the same as that of 02428 (87.66cm). The height of F_1 in 02428h crossed with other indica or japonica varietiers showed the similar results.The height of F_2 segregation also fits 3 semidwarf :1 tall ratio by x￣2 test ; It also indicated that long culm was due to the recessive gene. When 02428h was crossed with indica and japonica varieties, their F_1 fertile rate was 80.6%and 82.1%respectively, showing that 02428h maintained wide compatibility of the original variety 02428. In addition, this paper also made some discussion about the discovery of 02428h and the use in breeding of hybrid rice.