应用RFLP研究水稻基因突变的特性

RFLP-based Genomic Analysis of Mutations in Oryza sative L.

选用覆盖整个水稻遗传图谱的１２９和１０６个ＤＮＡ探针，分别分析了籼稻品系ＩＲ５４、５４６０、５４６０Ｓ之间和粳稻品系农垦５８、农垦５８Ｓ及其育性回复突变系之间的ＲＦＬＰ。在ＩＲ５４／５４６０、５４６０／５４６０Ｓ和ＩＲ５４／５４６０Ｓ检测到ＲＦＬＰ的探针数分别为４３、１４和３２。而且，５４６０／５４６０Ｓ的多态性探针均能在ＩＲ５４和５４６０之间检测到差异性，其中１１个（７８．６％）在５４６０Ｓ与ＩＲ５４表现同型，３个（２１．４％）在三者间均不相同。表明人工诱变能引起水稻染色体组各座位同时发生广泛的非致死性突变；自发突变较普遍，且多为回复突变。农垦５８等３个粳稻品系之间的差异较小，但具有类似的趋势。并讨论了研究结果在水稻育种实践和利用ＲＦＬＰ进行基因定位研究中的意义。

RFLPs among indica rice lines IR54 and its radiation mutation derivatives 5460 and 5460S,and among japonica rice lines Nong-ken 58, its spontaneous mutant Nong-ken 58S and a back mutant were surveyed with 129 and 106 DNA probes respectively. Polymorphisms between IR54 and 5460 were detected with forty-three probes distributed on 11 chromosomes,indicating an extensive variation in the whole rice genome. Among forteen probes distributed on 10 chromosomes detecting polymorphisms between 5460 and 5460S,11 probes detected identical band patterns between 5460S and IR54, indicating a wide range occurrence of spontaneous mutations and back mutations. Fewer polymorphic probes were detected between Nong-ken 58,Nong-ken 58S and the back mutant than between 5460 and 5460S, but the tendencies of variation among these two groups were similar. The significance of the results on rice breeding practice and RFLP-based gene mapping were discussed.