不同性质语篇背景信息的激活与抑制

The Activation and Suppression of Different Anaphoric Referents during Discourse Comprehension

运用窗口阅读及再认探测技术,探讨即时与延迟状态下合适与不合适背景信息的激活模式。被试阅读含有精细阐述错误信息的实验材料及不含错误信息的参照材料,并对合适或不合适(参照条件下为无关)的探测词进行再认反应。结果发现,合适与不合适信息激活关系随时程延长发生的逆转是由于合适信息激活水平得到提升、不合适信息受到抑制所导致。但即使在延迟状态下,不合适先行词的激活水平也并没有降到与一个无关信息等同的程度,表明受精细阐述的错误信息即使在经过更正之后,其在语篇表征中仍有着比较重要的地位。

Using an on-line window display technique, the present study tried to probe the dynamic mechanism of activation and suppression of antecedents during discourse comprehension. The reading materials were a set of corrected-misinfor m ation and no-misinformation stories that included appropriate and inappropriate anaphoric referents, with the inappropriate ones receiving additional elaboratio n. The pa rticipants read the passages word by word at their own pace and made judgments a bout probe words that were either appropriate or inappropriate anaphoric referents. The delay between anaphor offset and probe onset was varied. The results showed that as delay increased, the difference between the activation of elaborated in appropriate referents in misinformation story versions and those in no-misinfor mation versions became smaller,which suggested that misinformation was suppresse d. However, even at the delay of 1500ms, the activation of the elaborated ina ppropri ate referents in the misinformation stories still indicated more activation than tho se in the no-misinformation ones. This means that misinformation may remain more important within a representation than incidental information presented in a similar position in the story.