论社会赏罚对道德选择的导向作用

On Guidance Function of Social Rewards and Punishments towards Moral Choices

在现代社会转型时期 ,社会赏罚对人们的道德选择发挥着导向作用。社会赏罚通过一定的社会心理机制和利益杠杆实现对人们道德选择的引导。道德选择的困难 ,是由于人们经常处于现实生活的道德困境之中。这种困境有四种表现形态。社会赏罚对人们道德选择的引导有属于“硬约束”手段的直接引导 ,也有通过社会舆论、风尚习俗、榜样典型等“软约束”手段的间接引导。这种导向作用有正向的 ,也有反向的。社会赏罚方向与时代所需的道德价值的吻合或偏离往往导致两种不同的引导方向。

In the process of modern social changes, social rewards and punishments make make functions as the guidance for people's moral choices. Social rewards and punishments take effect on people's moral choices by some social mental systems and the “lever” of profits. It's difficult to make decisions in moral choices because we are often in moral dilemmas. The dilemmas have four forms. The measures social rewards and punishments lead people's moral choices are not only direct, and “hard restrictions” but also indirect, and “soft restrictions”. The“soft restrictions” include public opinions, social customs and regulations. The guidance functions have both positive and negative influence. The direction of social rewards and punishments which conform to or go astray the moral value the times' need will result in two different guidance functions.