山东近海魁蚶资源增殖的研究

Resource enhancement of arkshell(Scapharca(Anadara) broughtonii) in Shandong offshore waters

报道了一种海洋贝类─—魁蚶资源增殖研究的全过程，包括人工育苗、中间培育、底播放流以及增殖生物学等．结果表明，对亲贝采用阴干、流水、升温、精液或漂白液刺激等诱导方法，苗种生产可实现全工厂化；风浪小、饵料丰富的内湾、虾池等是稚贝适宜的中间培育水域．当年稚贝主要生长期为７—１１月，略高于成体适温上限的环境更利于生长，但越冬（１２—２月）后的稚贝难以渡过２６℃以上的高温；选择敌害生物少、海底表面稳定性好的海区是增殖成败的关键．放流苗种的理想规格为２．０—２．５ｃｍ，１年后回捕率在５０％以上，１．５年后可达壳长５ｃｍ以上的商品规格，增殖效果显著．

In this paper, a study of resource enhancement of one oceanic shellfish, Scapharca (Anadara) broughlonii is reported, which includes artificial seed-breeding, mid-culture of young arkshell, bottom releasing as well as enhancement biology etc.. The results show that: 1)a complete industrialization of artificial seed-breeding can be realized by means of drying in the shadow, water running, raising water temperature, stimulating with sperm and bleaching agent etc., 2) the inland bays and prawn culture ponds with abundant forage and no rough waves are the suitable mid-culture waters for young arkshell. The main growth period of larvae is from July to November. Age 0 arkshell will grow better at the temperature little higher than the upper limit of the optimum temperature for adult, but the overwintered young arkshell cannot survive when the water temperaure is over 26℃;3) the key point of enhancement releasing is to choose few predators and stable bottom area. The shell length of 2. 0- 2. 5cm is the ideal releasing size, and the recapture rate one year after releasing is more than 50%. The releasing arkshell can reach the commercial size when their shell length grows to 5 cm 1. 5 years after releasing. and the enhancement effect is remarkable.