1949年以来的中国城市化进程:回顾与反思

The Chinese Urbanization Process since 1949: Review and Introspection

1949-1978年,中国城市化经历了艰难曲折的发展历程,长期徘徊在一个较低水平上。造成城市化停滞的根本原因,是国家长期推行"资本排斥劳动"的重工业优先发展战略,而且为了贯彻这一方针,实行了严格的计划体制和户口管制,从而阻碍了劳动力从第一产业向第二、三产业转移的渠道。1979年以后,市场在资源配置方面作用逐步加强,城市化进程明显加快,到2000年中国城市化率已超过36%。由乡镇政府和农民群体力量推动的"自下而上"的农村城市化,对于城市化水平的提高做出很大贡献,形成了一种与世界其他国家很不相同的城市化模式,但这一模式也存在着不少亟待解决的问题。在目前条件下,只有采取多元复合型的城市化战略,才有利于加速中国的城市化进程。

From 1949 to 1978, the Chinese urbanization went through a process with difficulties and set-backs, lingered on a lower level in a long-term. The radical causes of stagnation of urbanization were the develop strategy of heavy industry priority that bring about 'capital excluding labor', and for carrying through this strategy, Government had been implemented rigid planning system and residence registration system, thus hindered the shift of labor force from the primary industry to secondary and tertiary industry. After 1979, the effect of market at resources allocation has been increased, the urbanization process speed up evidently, the ratio of Chinese urbanization had went beyond 36% in 2000. The urbanization of rural area, which pushed by town-level government and peasant from bottom to top, made large contribution for enhancing level of urbanization, and formed a peculiar mode which different from other countries. Of course, there are many problems waiting for resolve in this mode. At the present conditions, in behalf to accelerate the speed of Chinese urbanization, must take a diversify, compound urbanizing strategy.