元杂剧的繁荣与中国戏剧之晚熟

On the Late-maturing of Chinese Drama and the Prosperity of Zaju Plays in Yuan Dynasty

孔子的"兴观群怨"说和"中和之美"的艺术批评标准对后世产生极大影响,以冲突为本质特征的戏剧长期受到压抑,直到元代才出现戏剧大繁荣。小农经济基础上形成的传统思维方式,也是制约戏剧发展的重要原因。元统治者对文学艺术客观上的放任态度为元杂剧的发展提供了极好的机遇;元代大都市的建立和商品经济的畸形发展是元杂剧兴盛的土壤;元代知识阶层思想意识转变,造就了中国文学史上第一批专业作家群,有力地推动了元杂剧走向繁荣。

Confucian standard of artistic criticism made great influence on the later generations, thus the drama was inhibited until Yuan Dynasty. The traditional thought based on the small-scale peasant economy was another important barrier for the development of Zaju Plays. The rulers in Yuan Dynasty indulged the literature and art actually; the big cities came into being and the commodity economy developed lopsidedly; the change of ideology among scholars created the first group of professional writers. All of which propelled the Zaju plays to be prosperous.