微卫星DNA标记技术及其应用

Application of Microsatellite DNA as Molecular Genetic Marker

微卫星DNA是高等真核生物基因组中种类多、分布广、具有高度的多态性和杂合度的分子标记,由于其具有多态性检出率高、信息含量大、共显性标记、实验操作简单、结果稳定可靠等优点,已经成为种群遗传学研究中被广泛应用的分子遗传标记.微卫星DNA标记技术在动物亲缘关系的鉴定、特定基因定位、群体遗传结构的分析、物种的进化和系统发生以及遗传基因连锁图谱的构建等方面已得到了广泛的应用.因此,就微卫星DNA遗传标记的原理、特点及应用等方面进行综述.

Microsatellite DNA is a ubiquitous molecular marker in eukaryotic genomes with high polymorphism. It is widely used in the study of population genetics because of its advantages such as abundant polymorphism and information, dominant marker, easily operated and reliable results. Microsatellite DNA have already become an efficient molecular marker in the study of testing paternity, population genetic structure, construction of genetic map, origination and evolution of species etc. This paper summarized the principles, advantages and applications of microsatellite DNA.