德国和美国违宪审查制度之比较

德国和美国违宪审查的形式不同:德国的宪法诉讼具有独立性,美国的违宪审查具有“附带”性;美国的违宪审查仅指对联邦法律和州法律的审查,德国宪法法院管辖权的范围远比美国宽泛,但两国的宪法都没有“私法化”;两国的违宪审查都已经介入政治问题,而且这种介入都有加强的趋势,只是介入的手段和方式有所不同。德、美两国的违宪审查机制值得我们借鉴,但借鉴什么?怎么借鉴?则有待于进一步研究。

The constitutional review system in Germany and that in the US take different fo rms: the former is independent while the latter is “supplementary”. The consti tutional review in the US refers only to the review of federal and state laws wh ile the jurisdiction of the constitutional court in Germany is much wider than t hat in the US. However, the constitution in neither country has been “privatize d”. There is a growing trend in both countries of intervention by constitutiona l review in political affairs, only the means and methods are different in the t wo countries.