介入放射学中工作人员的辐射防护与安全

Radiation Protection and Safety of Operators During Invasive Performance

目的对介入诊疗中工作人员辐射防护与安全的主要影响因素进行测定与研究,对相关影像因素的特点加以探讨。方法分别测定影像增强器照射野的大小、管球角度改变、冠脉造影中不同手术体位对受检者和第一术者体表入射剂量的影响,对介入诊疗中重要站立区域的辐射剂量进行测定与评价,测定和研究介入诊疗区域内辐射场的分布情况。结果成功测量各主要影响因素的相关数值。结论影像增强器照射野越大,受检者所受剂量越小,影像增强器照射野的改变对第一术者所受剂量的影响无明显规律。对第一术者而言足位辐射剂量最大,头位次之,其他体位辐射剂量相对较小。冠脉造影中正足位的面积剂量乘积值最大,其次为右足位。对第一术者的剂量贡献绝大部分是距地面高60-80cm处剂量高区散射束所致。一般的,被检者左上辐射场的强度最高。被检者右侧一般为手术人员站立处,必须加以防护。在介入手术过程中一定不要忽视防护装置的作用。

objective To measure and study major influencing factors of radiation protection and safety of operators during invasive diagnosis and treatment, and investigate features of relational influencing factors. Methods Measure respectively radiation doses of object and principal operator when changing of, angle of tube, and different body position during coronary angiography, measure and evaluate radiation doses within important standing areas during invasive diagnosis and treatment, measure and investigate distribution of radiation field. Result We successfully measured relational data under each major influencing factor. Conclusion more bigger the radiation field of amplifier image was, radiation doses of object was more little. Changing radiation field of amplifier image took no obvious regular change to radiation doses of the principal operator. For principal operator, radiation doses on foot position was the most, head position secondly, other positions were little relatively. During coronary angiography, area radiation doses on absolute foot position was the most, right foot position secondly. Scattered radiation from 60cm to 80cm above the underground contributed mostly to the radiation of principal operator. Generally, left-superior radiation field of object was strongest. Operators always stand on the right side of object, must be protected. Do not ignore effect of protect device during invasive performance.