膳食与肥胖对儿童原发性高血压及高血脂的影响

EFFECTS OF DIET AND OBESITY ON ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN CHILDREN

本文观察了１１７０名７～１２岁儿童心率、血压和生长发言情况，４３１人静脉血清指标，２１７人膳食调查及８名肥胖儿体育锻练效果。调查一年后又复查了肥胖及血压偏高儿童的心率、血压及生长情况。发现１１７０名儿童中高血压检出率０．９４％；肥胖检出率８．２０％，４３１名验血儿童中血脂异常检出率２８．０７％；与非肥胖儿相比，肥胖儿摄入能量、脂肪、盐及谷物明显增加，身高、体重、皮褶厚度、体块指数、收缩压、舒张压明显升高，血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ一Ｃ）、动脉硬化指数（ＡＩ）明显升高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ一Ｃ、ＨＤＬ２一Ｃ、ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）明显降低。一年后复查肥胖儿血压有升高趋势，体育锻练有减肥降压作用。逐步回归分析发现膳食中饱和脂肪酸、碳水化物摄入量对血清ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ一Ｃ有增高作用，ＭＵＦＡ对血ＴＣ有降低作用。碳水化物、盐摄入量对收缩压、舒张压有增高作用。牛乳、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、ＶＥ对血压有抑制作用，并均有显著意义。讨论了营养因素、肥胖与高血压、高血脂之间的相互作用。

he Physical and biochemical parameters in childrcn of 7-12 years old wereobserved. The incidence of essential hypertension was 0.94%and that ofohesity was 8.2%in 1170 children. The incidence of abnormality in serumlipids was 28.07%in 431 children.The average intakes of energy, fat, salt andcereals,body weight, thickness of skinfold, BMI, systolic and diastolic bloodpressure, serum TG, LDL-C,AI of the obese children were markedly higherthan those in non-obese children, while sertim HDL-C,HDL2-C,HDL3-C inthe obese children were markedly lower than those in the non-obese child-ren. Re-examination of the blood pressure of the obese children one vearlater showed a tendency of elevation, but the BW and blood pressure of 8obese children accepting physical exercise training decreased.The dietary intakesof SFA, carbohydrate were positive factors of serum TC, LDL-C; intake ofMUFA was negative factor of serum TC and LDL-C by stepwise regressionanalysis.Carbohydrate and salt intakes were positive factors, while intakesof milk,Ca,Mg,VE were negative factors of blood pressure,The interrelation-ships among hypertension, hyperlipidemia and nutrition, obesity were dis-cussed.