宋代书院的兴起及其意义

On the Background and Significance of the Rise of the Academy of Classical Learning in the Song Dynasty

书院兴起于宋代并获得巨大发展 ,有其特定的背景。一方面 ,虽然通过三次兴学运动 ,官学有所发展 ,但其一直不能完全适应教育和学术全面发展的形势 ,社会迫切需要一种新的学校形式出现。同时 ,政府的大力支持、学术的繁荣和印刷术的进步为书院的发展提供了极为便利的条件。因此 ,书院便在宋代应运而生了。书院的兴起 ,对当时教育和学术的发展曾产生巨大的影响 ,对后世也有重要的借鉴意义。

This paper treats the background, against which the academy of classical learning appeared and achieved a remarkable development in the Song Dynasty, and the significance, with which the academy occupied an important position in the history of education in China. It states that, in the first place, the drawbacks of the official school system, insufficient for the growing education and learning, gave rise to the founding of the academy, and that, in the second place, the support of the government, the flourish of learning and the advance of printing stimulated the development of the academy in the Song Dynasty, and that the academy, in return, satisfied these demands. Moreover, it had a most profound impact on the educational system in the following centuries.