规律与启示——从诺贝尔自然科学奖与20世纪重大科学成就看科技原始创新的规律

Law and Enlightenment——Viewing the Laws of the Scientific Original Innovation from the Nobel Natural Science Prize and Significant Scientific Achievements of Twentieth Century

通过对 2 0世纪诺贝尔自然科学奖获奖情况的统计和分析 ,例举了许多诺贝尔自然科学奖的案例 ,探索了科学工作者获得重大科学成就的规律 ,提出了重大理论的创建和形成 ,要经历长时间的争论 ,并被反复验证后才能被承认 ;原始性的重大发现多来源于对实验事实敏锐的观察和独具创意的实验 ;良好的科学基础和前沿性、交叉性的研究可能偶发重大的科学发现 ;对已有知识的科学整理与发掘也可能有新的重大发现与理论创新 ;中青年始终是取得创新成就的峰值年龄 ;重大科技创新的突破与推广需要相应的创新体制和科学管理机制来保证等具有启示性的重要观点。

Based on the statistics and analysis of the awarding of the Nobel natural science prize in the twentieth century, a number of cases of the awarding of the Nobel natural science prize are listed. Explorations have been made over the laws for the scientists to make significant achievements. The paper points out that significant theories cannot be created and formed until they have experienced a long-term dispute and recognized by repeated verifications. The important discoveries of the original nature result mainly from the sharp observation of the experimented facts and experiments with unique originality. A fine scientific foundation and front and cross research may trigger significant scientific discoveries. The scientific sorting-out and exploration can also bring about new important discoveries and theoretical innovations. The paper has presented crucial enlightening viewpoints, such as the idea that young and middle-aged people are of the peak age when innovative achievements can be made.