老子自然主义道德伦理观简论

Brief Discussion on Laozi's Naturalistic Ethics

老子的道德伦理观 ,在老子的思想体系里占有十分重要的地位。通过老子对儒家正统道德伦理观的批判与否定的分析 ,可以看到其道德伦理精神对中国传统文化的巨大影响。老子道德伦理观共有三个来源。其道德伦理思想的基础则建立在“天”“地”“人”合而为一的认识方法之上。老子坚特自然主义的道德伦理精神 ,强调自然平等 ,不求独尊 ,原则是顺从自然。其价值判断准则是效法与回归自然 ,因而主张谦下自损 ,知足不争 ,弱用弃智 ,守静不辱 ,无为无欲。老子自然主义道德伦理观既丰富了中国传统道德伦理思想的精神内容 ,又起到了对正统道德伦理思想的某种制约和调节作用 。

Laozi's moral and ethical concepts hold an important position in his ideological system. Through the analysis of his criticism on and negation of the Confucian orthodox ethical concepts, we can realize that his moral and ethical spirit has greatly influenced the Chinese traditional culture. Laozi's moral and ethical ideas came from the following sources - heaven, earth and man. Laozi put forward his moral epistemology on the basis of combining the three. Laozi upholds his moral principles of naturalism, emphasizes the universe harmony, and has no desire to be overweening. His principle is to yield to the nature. Laozi's view of value is to imitate and return to the nature, to be modest and retiring, to be content without striving practice, to be weak and to abandon man's intelligence, to discard all desires and worries from one's mind, to let things take their own course without man's transformation. Laozi's moral concepts of naturalism not only greatly enriched the traditional ethics, and played a certain role in restraining and regulating the Chinese orthodox ideology as well. These impacts cannot be ignored.