《史记》总括范围副词研究(上)

Research on the Overall Adverbs of Scope in Shih Chi (Records of the Historian)

范围副词一般可分为两类:总括范围副词和限止范围副词。本文研究的是前一类。笔者根据语法形式与语法意义相结合的原则,把总括范围副词进一步分为两小类:第一小类的意义相当于“一起”、“共同”,第二小类的意义相当于“都”’、“全”。本文的这一部分只谈第一小类。本文主要从出现频率、语义指向、与主语、谓语结合的紧密程度、分布特征四个方面对这一小类词进行描写,进而探究造成范围副词用法特点差异的历史原因。

Adverbs of scope are usually divided into two groups: overall adverbs and limit adverbs. This thesis will discuss the former only. According to the principle of combining grammatic form with grammatic sense, the author further divides overall adverbs into two sub-groups. The meaning of the first subgroup corresponds to '一起' (together) or '共同' (jointly), and the meaning of the second corresponds to '都' (entirely) or '全' (totaly). Due to limited space the thesis just deals with the first subgroup, adverbs of which are described in the following respects: frequency of occurences, indication of meaning, degree of closeness to subject or predicate, and characteristic of distribution, with a further attempt to investigate the historical cause of different usage of each adverb of scope.