摘要
夏商周断代工程自1996年启动以来,经过历史学、考古学、天文学、测年技术等学科的协同努力,到2000年已经取得阶段性成果。西周年代学以文献研究为基础,通过琉璃河遗址和天马——曲村遗址的分期与测年,建立起基本的年代框架;同时构建金文历谱并对有关天文材料进行计算,排出了列王的年代。武王克商之年通过沣西等遗址的分期和测年以及甲骨文月食的记载并结合文献的研究,将范围缩小到公元前1050～前1020年;通过推排金文历谱和对武王克商时天象进行推算,选定为公元前1046年。商后期年代学以殷墟文化分期和测年为基础,通过甲骨文月食、晚商年祀.文献记载等研究,给出了比较准确的年代;殷墟甲骨测年已经取得初步结果,定盘庚迁殷在公元前1300年。商前期年代学主要依靠考古学文化的分期与测年以及商前期都城的历史地理学和文献的研究,估定商始年为公元前1600年。夏代年代学通过对文献中夏积年记载的研究以及对龙山文化晚期和二里头文化的分期和测年,暂定夏代始年为公元前2070年。
With the collaboration of scholars in history, archaeology, astronomy and chronology, the project
has yielded initial results since its initiation your years ago.
Largely a literal-based framework incorporating discoveries at Liulihe and Tianma-Qucun sites, the
Western Zhou chronology has created a calendar of the era out of bronze inscriptions and astronomical
data. The date of the overthrowal of the Shang dynasty has been narrowed to short span between BC
1050 and 1020 in the light of archaeological data from the Fengxi site and ecliptic records in oracle
bone inscriptions. The date, however, can be more precisely put in BC 1046, according to the calen-
dar based on bronze inscriptions. The chronology of the late Shang is based on periodization and dating
of the Yinxu Culture. Studies of ecliptic records in oracle bone inscriptions, of the then annual sacri-
fices and other literal data, have offered us some quite precise dates. First batch of results from the
dating of the oracle bones from Yin Ruins has been reported, with the removal of the capital to Yine
during the Pangeng reign period being located in BC 1300. The chronology of the early Shang depends
mainly on periodization of archaeological cultures, and on hist-geographical and literal studies of capitals
of the time. The dynasty began, it is estimated, about BC 1600. The chronology of the Xia depends on
literal studies and periodization and dating of the late Longshan Culture and the Erlitou Culture. Some
scholars believe that the dynasty began in BC 2070.
出处
《文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2000年第12期49-62,共14页
Cultural Relics
