文学的人化与人的文学化──孟子荀子文学思想之比较

Literature's Personalization and Persons' Literaturalization

孟子和荀子都是孔子的忠实信徒，然而他们对孔子的文学思想的理解和阐发却不尽一致．孟子所关心的中心问题是“仕”，即如何提升士的道德人格以利发挥他们的政治作用．因此他不单独谈论文学，只把文学作为反映人格的一面镜子，从而凸显了文学作为人的精神产品的属性。荀子所关心的中心问题是“治”，即如何按照圣人制订的礼乐制度和伦理道德标准行事．他把文学作为圣人创造的一种外在于人并符合人文理想的文化典籍和社会意识形态．从而使文学成了独立于人而存在的人文知识。文学的人化与人的文学化造成了中国文学始终不能脱离道德和政治的双重制约。

The literature thought in previous on makes a great and profound effect on the development of Chinese literature. Mencius and Xuncius are Confucius' devoted followers but their understanding and consideration of Confucius' literature thought are quite different from each other. What; Mencius concerns is 'Shi' which refers to improving Shi's morality and personality as well as amplifying their political functions. In this sense, Mencius does not only discuss literature itself but views literature as a reflection of personality. Which shows attributions of literature as man's spiritual product. What Xuncius concerns is 'Zhi' .which means how people act on the doctrines and moralities mady by saints. Xuncius views literature as a cultural allusions and social ideology which are mady by saints and which are in line with humanistic thought. In this case. literature functions as humanistic knowledge beyond man. Literature's personalization and persons' literaturalization constitute the bi-controlling system which makes the Chinese literature unisolated from morality and politics.