立式油罐的安全装油量探讨

On the Safety Load of Vertical Oil Tanks

鉴于一些文献资料对油罐安全装油量问题所采用的术语不统一、释义不确切,计算方法也不尽合理,对立式油罐安全装油量的有关术语、释义及计算方法进行了探讨。主要内容是:①允许装油高度和允许装油容量,根据有消防设备和无消防设备两种情形给出计算方法,并规定了几种主要储油罐的允许装油高度H_允。②为了确保油罐中的油品在最高储油温度下不超过允许装油高度,限定收油结束时罐内油品的最大高度,称为安全收油高度H_安;最大容积,称为安全收油容量V_安;最大质量,称为安全收油质量m_安。m_安只与油料品种和储存条件有关,由质量守恒原理推出3个计算公式,又针对空罐和欠装罐两种情形分别给出了V_安的3种计算方法,通过查油罐容积表即可得到H_安,二者可进行换算。归纳整理后的术语、释义及计算方法准确、合理,有利于进一步研究、探讨立式油罐的安全装油量。

The vocabulary,term explanations and calculation methods on safety load of oil tanks are discussed in this paper in view of inconsistent vocabulary, ambiguous explanations and inappropriate calculation methods existing in some literatures. The main contents are as follows:①Calculation methods are introduced for the allowable load height (HA) and allowable capactity,and several HAs specified depending on the tanks with or without fire fighting devices. ②The following parameters available when oil receiving is finished are defined to prevent the oil level from increasing above HA at maximum storage temperature: safe oil height, Hs (maximum height),safe volume, Vs (maximum volume),safe mass, Ms (maximum mass). Depending on the oil category and storage conditions, three calculation methods for Ms are derived following the mass conservation law. Three calculation methods for Vs are given depending on empty and underfull tanks, and Hs can be obtained by checking Vs of the tank. The normalized vocabulary, term explanations and calculation methods become more precise and reasonable, and are favourable to the futher study on the safety load of vertical storage tanks.