输气管道的安全保证

On the Safety Assurance of Gas Transmission Pipeline.

随着输气管道建设的发展,管道自身及其周围建筑物的安全保证问题,已引起人们高度重视,关于管道安全保证有两种指导思想:①距离安全保证模式,其设防原则是对管道自身强度有一定要求,主要通过控制不同压力、不同管径的管道距建筑物的相应距离来保证管道及附近建筑物的安全;②强度安全保证模式,其设防原则是在管道设计、材料及设备选用、施工、检验、生产到更新改造的全过程中,对管道的强度和严密性有严格的要求,为管道系统及周围建筑物提供安全保证。我国采用的是前一种安全保证模式,这与采用强度保证模式的欧美国家相比,事故率较高。建议在管道建设中采用强度安全保证模式,按地区等级分配钢管而不按管输压力高低分配钢管。管道安全保证必须做好管道的可靠性研究,提高管材质量,抓好管道防腐,采用先进的自动监控手段和通信系统,对施工实行全方位、全过程的质量监督和管理。

With the development of gas pipeline construction,the safety assurance of pipeline and its surrounding buildings has provoked great interest. There are two kinds of guiding ideoloies on pipeline safety assurance: ①mode of assurance by safety distance,the principle of which is to specify a proper pipeline strength and to guarantee the safety of pipeline and surrounding buildings mainly by controlling the distances between the buildings and the pipeline based on different pipeline pressures and diameters;②mode of assurance by safety strength, the principle of which is to specify properly pipeline strength and tightness in the whole course of pipeline design, material and equipment selection, construction, inspection, operation as well as alteration, so as to guarantee the safety of the pipeline system and its surrounding buildings. The first mode which has been in application in China can result in more freque/it accidents than the mode of assurance by strenth which is in common use in European and American countries. The author holds that the mode of assurance by strength shall be used in pipeline construction, with steel pipe distributed on the basis of location classes rather than transmission pressures. It is also recommended to make detailed pipeline reliability study for safety assurance, improve pipe quality, stress pipeline corrosion control, adopt advanced automatic supervision and control technology and communication systems,and carry out thorough quality supervision and management in all directions.