阳离子表面活性剂对含油污水的破乳试验

Cation Surfactant Deemulsifying Test on Oily Water

阳离子表面活性剂对油珠表面的静电中和作用是其破乳的基础。被中和后的油珠相互之间的静电排斥力减小了，同时增大了油珠间的碰撞聚结的机率，使乳状液的稳定性变差，达到了有效破乳、油水分离的目的。文中叙述了油田含油污水乳状液的性质及成因，并用不同结构的阳离子表面活性剂对克拉玛依油田的含油污水进行了破乳除油试验。给出了试验温度、加药浓度与除油率的关系。试验结果表明：阳离子型高分子表面活性剂较低分子量的季铵盐类阳离子活性剂具有优良的破乳性能。对于水资源紧缺的克拉玛依油田，需充分利用油田含油污水，而阳离子型表面活性剂具有广泛的应用前景。

This article expounds the properties and the forming reason of emulsion of oilfield oily water. The author uses polycation surfactant of various composition and makes deemulsification on Karamai crude. Test result shows that, compared with surfactant of lowermolecular weight quaternary ammonium salt type, the one of high-molecular weight polycation type possesses better properties in Deemulsifying.