美国国民银行体系诸弊窦阐析

An Analysis of the Defects of the National Banking System

18 6 4年 ,美国国会通过了《国民银行法》 ,随后建立了国民银行体系。从此联邦政府转而对货币银行体系实行有限度的控制。但国民银行体系的制度安排有着明显的缺陷 ,诸如准备金分散、通货无弹性、落后的商业票据市场和无统一有效支票清算机制等。这些弊端的存在 ,破坏了货币银行体系的稳定 ,阻碍了国内经济的发展和美国国际经济地位的提升 。

In 1864,the Congress of the United States passed the National Bank Act and thereafter formed the National Banking System.From then on ,federal government switched to exercise limited control over the currency and banking system.But,the defects of National Banking System,such as the inelasticity of currency, the scattered reserves , the backward commercial bill market and the lack of efficient check clearing system , etc., were obvious .These defects undermined the stability of the currency and banking system,hindered the development of the domestic economy and the rise of the American international economic status ,and therefore brought directly about the Federal Reserv System.