地缘政治学的性质:人—境关系的视角

The Nature of Geopolitics:——A Man-Environment Relationship Perspective

环境决定论和可能论是地理学思想史中最具概括性的两大传统,也是贯穿了整个地理学和地缘政治学争论的一条主线。决定论和可能论争论的焦点在于两者对人—境关系的中介区域,即文化、技术和社会组织的框架内人的自由意志的态度。对文化和社会生活的关注因而也成为地理学家的研究主题。地缘政治学就在这种人文倾向中发展为一种国际政治的空间分析方法。地缘政治学是描述和解释国际政治的空间差异的科学。它关注事件的空间进程的同时,也不放过事件的时间进程。

The whole history of geographic thoughts can be best generalized by two traditions-- determinism and possiblism and the debate between the two traditions constitutes the basic thread of geographic and geopolitical ideas. The focus of debate has been the diverging attitudes toward the free will of man within the framework of media between man and the environment-culture,technology ,and social institutions. Cultural and social issues have also become the main research interests of geographers.Geopolitics hence has become methodologically a discipline which stresses spatial analysis. Its main task is to describe and explain the spatial differences in international politics and its two equally important concerns are spatial process on the one hand and the time-sequential process on the other.