简论封建与周代礼治

Feudality and the Political Relationship in the Zhou Dynasty

封建是周代政治关系的基本框架 ,也是先秦儒家礼治思想的重要渊源。与宗法的“亲亲”精神不同 ,封建把政治等级建立在血缘与类血缘的基础之上 ,视政治关系高于亲情关系 ,其内在精神是“尊尊”。秦汉以后 ,封建虽逐步被郡县取代 。

Feudality was the fundamental framework of the political relationships in the Zhou Dynasty,and also the important resource for Confucianism in following tradition and creating new thoughts.For Confucian thoughts of ruling by rite,feudality and patriarchal clan system were their most important resource.In contrast to the blood principle of patriarchal clan system,feudality built up the political hierarchy on blood or quasi-blood relationships and at the same time put it over the family relationships with an innate spirit of respecting the respected.From the Qin and Han Dynasties on,feudality was gradually replaced by the system of prefectures and counties ,but the innate spirit did not disappear yet.